The defence of cultural diversity is an ethical imperative, inseparable from respect for human dignity. All rights reserved. The pursuit of very low body weight may be associated with the development of anorexia nervosa, an illness that can be fatal. With the globalizing economy, boundaries with respect to careers are also blurring. Those who, for religious reasons, abstain from tea, coffee, alcohol, and tobacco have smaller risks of getting cancer of the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract than others of similar social, economic, and residential background. If we are immersed in a culture that is unlike our own we may experience culture shock and become disoriented when we come into contact with a fundamentally different culture. Patriachal values can also be harmful to the health of girls and women. Culturally determined characteristics include: the language spoken at home; religious observances; customs (including marriage customs that often accompany religious and other beliefs); acceptable gender roles and occupations; dietary practices; intellectual, artistic, and leisure-time pursuits; and other aspects of behavior. In contrast, collectivistic cultures are cultures where people have stronger bonds to their groups and group membership forms a persons self identity. A piece of advice that was true 5 years ago may no longer hold true. Indissociable from a democratic framework, cultural pluralism is conducive to cultural exchange and to the flourishing of creative capacities that sustain public life. Heres a breakdown of these forms of diversity: This type of diversity is related to each persons ethnicity and its usually the set of norms we get from the society we were raised in or our familys values. The Baxters are building a swimming pool in their backyard. In this lesson, we'll talk about how culture is encompassing, meaning that it shapes our personalities, values, and way of living. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. those living in two different regions of the world. As a source of exchange, innovation and creativity, cultural diversity is as necessary for humankind as biodiversity is for nature. For example, in one study, more than 75% of the subjects in Philippines viewed team-based pay as fair, while less than 50% of the U.S.-based subjects viewed team-based rewards as fair (Kirkman, Gibson, & Shapiro, 2001). Creation draws on the roots of cultural tradition, but flourishes in contact with other cultures. In the United States, and in other nations with large immigrant populations, there is a wide range of cultural diversity, religious beliefs, customs, and values, reflecting the scattered origins of the people. Ability Andrea identifies as a member of the second largest ethnic group in the United States. Have you ever heard the colloquial expression 'she's so cultured?' Another cultural practice with severe health consequences is female genital mutilation, which is performed on young girls in many African and Middle Eastern nations. Fostering the mobility of creators, artists, researchers, scientists and intellectuals and the development of international research programmes and partnerships, while striving to preserve and enhance the creative capacity of developing countries and countries in transition. Public health specialists must be aware of these and other cultural trends, and they must endeavor to mobilize beneficial cultural influences while discouraging unhealthy ones. Maybe you have noticed that in many parts of the United States people routinely greet strangers with a smile when they step into an elevator or see them on the street, but the same behavior of saying hello and smiling at strangers would be considered odd in many parts of Europe. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12, 738753. Hire faster with 1,000+ templates like job descriptions, interview questions and more. For example, you may sometimes hear the term gender balance used by companies trying to achieve a 50-50 balance between employees who identify as male and employees who identify as female. In cultures high in femininity such as Norway and Sweden, work arrangements such as telecommuting seem to be more popular compared to cultures higher in masculinity like Italy and the United Kingdom. (1994). Do countries have uniform national cultures? Americas: +1 857 990 9675 The characteristics corresponding to these forms of diversity are protected by law in many countries: these protected characteristics are attributes that companies shouldnt take into account when making employment decisions (especially adverse decisions, like terminating employees or rejecting job candidates). Aspects of diversity may be cultural, biological, or personal in nature. In these cultures, disobeying or disagreeing with ones group is difficult and people may find it hard to say no to their colleagues or friends. Ability C. Intelligence D. Sexual orientation B. FILL OUT OUR SURVEY. Source: Adapted from information in Geert Hofstede cultural dimensions. Uncertainty avoidance may influence the type of organizations employees are attracted to. Thus, building an effective global approach to sustainable development and ESD needs to address respecting, protecting and maintaining the cultural diversity of the world now and in the future. National Virtual Translation Center. Cultural competence is greatly required when it comes to social work. Diversity is proven to make communities and workplaces more productive, tolerant and welcoming. Germany is an example of a high uncertainty avoidance culture where people prefer structure in their lives and rely on rules and procedures to manage situations. When Marc actively attempts to de-marginalize himself and the group he belongs to, he is using which strategy? all of the following strategies are critical components of multicultural education EXCEPT: tracking, cooperative learning, parental involvement, collaboration. Proper management of workforce diversity involves all of the following EXCEPT: Select one: a. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Raphael, T. (2001). (d) facilitate the implementation of the Action Plan, the main lines of which are appended to the present Declaration, Main lines of an action plan for the implementation of the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity. This means that culture is patterned into our society. Consideringthat the process of globalization, facilitated by the rapid development of new information and communication technologies, though representing a challenge for cultural diversity, creates the conditions for renewed dialogue among cultures and civilizations. Race has to do with a persons grouping based on physical traits (despite the dominant scientific view that race is a social construct and not biologically defined). Academy of Management Executive, 17, 127142. Developing cultural intelligence seems important, because the days when organizations could prepare their employees for international work simply by sending them to long seminars on a particular culture are gone. Recognize and understand that concepts within the helping profession, such as family, gender roles, spirituality, and emotional well-being, vary significantly among cultures and influence behavior. People who differ in some ethnic or sociological way from the parent culture belong to a(n) ______. Workforce Management, 84(13), 132. Article 9 Cultural policies as catalysts of creativity. Referringto the provisions relating to cultural diversity and the exercise of cultural rights in the international instruments enacted by UNESCO. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 31, 703724. Rothaermel, F. T., Kotha, S., & Steensma, H. K. (2006). Create your account. Culture isn't simply an individual response or taste or desire but it is deeply integrated into our society. 2. She earned a bachelors degree in psychology from Mansfield University, a masters degree in social relations from Lehigh University, and a doctorate degree in educational leadership from Wilmington University. Americas: +1 857 990 9675 Added 11/23/2021 9:19:15 AM This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. While individualists may evaluate the performance of their colleagues more accurately, collectivists are more likely to be generous when evaluating their in-group members. For example, a cultural ideal in the U.S. that is deeply ingrained is the idea that women should be primarily responsible for child care. Involving the various sections of civil society closely in the framing of public policies aimed at safeguarding and promoting cultural diversity. Frauenheim, E. (2005). In these cultures, men are more likely to be assertive and competitive compared to women. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 10971106. Benedict, Ruth What is culture? Paul, B. D., ed. Powerful people are supposed to act powerful, while those in inferior positions are expected to show respect. The terms are not mutually exclusive and have sometimes been used interchangeably. High power distance cultures are hierarchical cultures where everyone has their place. Anthropology in Public Health. Anthropologists study the symbolic meaning of symptoms within specific cultural contexts in order to understand the cultural messages these illnesses express. Hire better with the best hiring how-to articles in the industry. The United States ranks near the middle, slightly more diverse than Russia but slightly less diverse than Spain. Culture, Health and Illness. Cultural diversity is a mainspring for sustainable development for individuals, communities and countries. New York: Oxford University Press. Person as author : Cohen, Elie In : World culture report, 2000: cultural diversity, conflict and pluralism, p. 66-91 Language : English Also available in : Also available in : Franais Also available in : Espaol Year of publication : 2000. book part Which of the following is NOT a component of your effort to develop, support, and organize your speech? flashcard sets. A. Habitat fragmentation is the process of habitat loss in which larger habitats get divided into many small and fragmented habitats. 4. Question: Cross Cultural Management Explain "all" of the following topics: -What diversity encompasses in the United States -The historical background for the study of diversity - Key diversity terms, including types of discrimination - Minority groups and non-dominant groups - Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination theories. Many of these messages, such as encouraging the use of mood-altering substances and sexual promiscuity, are potentially harmful to health. Learn more about online programs at Purdue Global and download our program guide. Try to understand all its dimensions and seek the commitment of those involved to nurture cultural diversity. Appreciation of the fact that health is ultimately dependent on the integrity of the earth's life-supporting ecosystems is part of a value system. She has worked at organizations and institutions in positions which focused on behavior modification and therapeutic support, social welfare, college admissions, and education research. High power distance within a culture may easily cause misunderstandings with those from low power distance societies. Dr. Belfields current research interests include: self-efficacy; the mentor-mentee relationship in higher education; and the impact of multiple social identities (race, gender, social class) on personal, social, academic, and career functioning. White B. Hispanic C. African-American D. Asian American C. African-American The speaker reduces the chances of alienating the members of the audience. Harvard Business Review, 82(10), 139146. Culture takes diverse forms across time and space. Reaffirmingthat culture should be regarded as the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society or a social group, and that it encompasses, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs. No one may invoke cultural diversity to infringe upon human rights guaranteed by international law, nor to limit their scope. The influence of national culture and organizational culture alignment on job stress and performance: Evidence from Greece. Larger numbers of species and more even abundances of species lead to higher species diversity. Define the four dimensions of culture that are part of Hofstedes framework. Chapter 2: Managing Demographic and Cultural Diversity, Chapter 3: Understanding People at Work: Individual Differences and Perception, Chapter 4: Individual Attitudes and Behaviors, Chapter 6: Designing a Motivating Work Environment, Chapter 12: Leading People Within Organizations, Chapter 14: Organizational Structure and Change, http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php, http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/sep2008/tc2008095_508754.htm, http://www.nvtc.gov/lotw/months/november/USschoollanguages.htm, Next: 2.4 The Role of Ethics and National Culture, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. ." 2. Of course, talking about national cultures does not mean that national cultures are uniform. In its most extreme form, the procedure can be life threatening. In order to properly understand and promote cultural awareness, teachers need to understand all the different types of diversity they may encounter in their classrooms including: Race. Culture is often originated from or attributed to a specific region or location. More than a century of ethnographic research profoundly supports the theory of cultural relativity, the theory that, Culture areas are geographical territories in which characteristic culture patterns are recognizable through repeated associations of specific traits, Herskovits, Melville Jean Family members are more involved in each others lives. Employment contracts tend to be more popular in cultures higher in uncertainty avoidance compared to cultures low in uncertainty avoidance (Raghuram, London, & Larsen, 2001). For example, Chinas Lenovo acquired IBMs personal computer business and became the worlds third largest computer manufacturer. Though often called "lifestyle factors," in such cases these differences are culturally determined because the related behaviors are associated with religious beliefs and practices. Retrieved January 29, 2009, from http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/sep2008/tc2008095_508754.htm. Encyclopedia of Public Health. Cultural humility is a lifelong process of self-reflection (Tervalon & Murray-Garcia, 1998). In these cultures, values are not separated by gender, and both women and men share the values of maintaining good relationships. (a)promote the incorporation of the principles set out in the present Declaration into the development strategies drawn up within the various intergovernmental bodies; Due to increased globalization of businesses, understanding the role of culture for organizational behavior may provide you with a competitive advantage in your career. Which of the following is NOT a main purpose of a special occasion speech? While respect is the most common diversity issue in the workplace, there are many other problems you should be aware of. For example, one study showed that when hiring new employees, companies in high uncertainty avoidance cultures are likely to use a larger number of tests, conduct a larger number of interviews, and use a fixed list of interview questions (Ryan et al., 1999). Dr. Belfield continues to have valuable experiences, lifelong mentors, and friendships that have made her personal and professional life quite meaningful and fulfilling. All persons have therefore the right to express themselves and to create and disseminate their work in the language of their choice, and particularly in their mother tongue; all persons are entitled to quality education and training that fully respect their cultural identity; and all persons have the right to participate in the cultural life of their choice and conduct their own cultural practices, subject to respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. Taylor is at the beginning stages deciding on a topic for her speech. Further recallingArticle I of the Constitution, which assigns to UNESCO among other purposes that of recommending "such international agreements as may be necessary to promote the free flow of ideas by word and image". 3. Behavioral Approaches to Leadership, 12.4 What Is the Role of the Context? We can learn from one another, but first we must have a level of understanding about each other in order to facilitate collaboration and cooperation. 17 chapters | 6. The combination of limited education, migratory labor that separates men from their wives and families, and the breakdown of traditional family networks creates a context in which men may seek multiple sexual partners. The level of masculinity inherent in the culture has implications for the behavior of individuals as well as organizations. The short answer is, everything! Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Request Information > 866-522-7747 Masculine cultures are also characterized by a separation of gender roles. In collectivistic societies, family bonds are more influential in peoples daily lives. Both international and national efforts are underway to stop or change this practice, with some of the most promising initiatives coming from within the cultures themselves. One of the biggest things you can do to help diversity in your workplace is to hold diversity and sensitivity trainings to make the workplace a safer space for those coming from different backgrounds. Article 6 Towards access for all to cultural diversity. In high power distance cultures, people occupying more powerful positions such as managers, teachers, or those who are older are viewed as more powerful and deserving of a higher level of respect. Cultures high in uncertainty avoidance prefer to avoid risky situations and attempt to reduce uncertainty. Which of the following is NOT included in the topic selection stage of speechmaking? Business Horizons, 43, 6170. If you have ever visited a country different from your own, you probably have stories to tell about what aspects of the culture were different and which were similar. 5. Become aware of the cultural diversity of the organization. Article 3 Cultural diversity as a factor in development. . This diversity is embodied in the uniqueness and plurality of the identities of the groups and societies making up humankind. Culture is something that is learned, shared, and passed down through generations. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Wall Street Journal, p. B1. (2007, March 1). As a professor, she enjoys engaging students in taking a critical look at the world in which they thrive, and encourages them to see themselves as lifelong learners in an intellectual arena. Asian countries such as China and Japan, as well as countries in Latin America are higher in collectivism. In these cultures, referring to a manager or a teacher with their first name would be extremely rude. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Cultural Background. Encouraging "digital literacy"and ensuring greater mastery of the new information and communication technologies, which should be seen both as educational disciplines and as pedagogical tools capable of enhancing the effectiveness of educational services. If you consider only your interests and don't take the needs of your audience into account, audience members are more likely to. Safeguarding the linguistic heritage of humanity and giving support to expression, creation and dissemination in the greatest possible number of languages. Organizational Behavior by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Circle the infinitive or infinitive phrase in each sentence. Conversely, individualists attempt to change groups more often and have weaker bonds to them. Committedto the full implementation of the human rights and fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other universally recognized legal instruments, such as the two International Covenants of 1966 relating respectively to civil and political rights and to economic, social and cultural rights. Culture (/ k l t r /) is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups. Organizational Dynamics, 33, 98109. Health, Culture and Community. Market forces alone cannot guarantee the preservation and promotion of cultural diversity, which is the key to sustainable human development. While performed in many predominantly Islamic countries, this procedure is not a religious ritual, and is not condoned by any Islamic scripture. UNESCO applies a zero tolerance policy against all forms of harassment, Advancing the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, International Coalition of Inclusive and Sustainable Cities ICCAR, Education for Sustainable Development Network, UNEVOC - International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training, IIEP - International Institute for Educational Planning, ICTP - International Centre for Theoretical Physics, IICBA - International Institute for Capacity-Building in Africa, IITE - Institute for Information Technologies in Education, IESALC - International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean, MGIEP - Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development, UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, Rules of Procedure of the General Conference, Rules of Procedure of the Executive Board, Section of Conventions and Recommendations (LA/CR), Section of International Administrative Law (LA/AL), Protection of human rights : Procedure 104.
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