He left Aquila and Priscilla and went to the synagogue. There are up to 12 types of intimacy in marriage. Their door was open to anyone who wanted to enjoy good Christian fellowship and encouraging, uplifting worship. Priscilla: A Deeper Look at an Early Church Leader, After TGC Excerpt Stirs Controversy, Some Retract Endorsements for Book About Gods Vision for Sex, Amy Grant Reveals Bike Accident Nearly Took Her LifeIt Was Good for Me, Woke Transagenda Franklin Graham Denounces Hersheys Ad Featuring Trans Woman, In Florida, Latino Evangelicals Mobilize Against DeSantis Crackdown on Immigrants, Fight Together Not Against Each Other SBC Abuse Reform Task Force Member Urges Unity, How I Learned to Embrace the Stand and Greet Time, Avoid These 5 Big Mistakes Pastors Make on Easter Planning. It is easier for them not to show up at all than to have their wives outshine them. Priscilla and Aquila had that kind . Priscilla and Aquila were a first century Christian missionary couple described in the New Testament. One thought is that Priscilla was more outspoken than Aquila so thats why she mostly mentioned first. Jekyll and Hyde. His Latin name, Aquila, means "eagle." Most likely he was a freedman living in Rome because most of the Jews living in Rome at this time were such. And he began to speak boldly in the synagogue: whom when Aquila . [15] As a result, the experts are divided over when this expulsion took place: some, like Jerome Murphy-O'Connor, argue for the earlier year,[16] while others, like Joseph Fitzmyer, argue for the later year.[17]. Their story begins in Acts 18 when they came in as a group of refugees who were fleeing from Rome in 49 A.D. as a result of the persecutions happening there. Their destiny is waiting for you to approach them to offer your God-given wisdom to help them. He expelled the Jews. Because thats what I want to be known for. So she is named first because of her rank. 2023 ChurchLeaders.com, All rights reserved. He could not be omni-present. If you are a Bible study teacher, you are free to allow this content to influence the lessons you teach or the sermons you present. [4], The Christian Church, beginning with Jesus, had a radical view of the status of women. Now that Vacation Bible School is Over . Maybe your neighbor needs to learn to read and write and you know where to get them help. These three people fed each others energy as they fulfilled the purpose for which God had called them. Priscilla and Aquila took him aside in a private setting and shared vital insights. 16:3-5). Priscilla and Aquila were tentmakers as was Paul. He is thinking of his dear friends who were then back in Ephesus where Timothy was ministering, possibly having left Rome to escape Neros latest outburst of persecution against Christians. Aquila and Priscilla Feast day: Jul 08. He was generous in his recognition and acknowledgment of his indebtedness for them. They risked their lives for me. They all had been Jews early in life but became Christians as adults. Claudius was dead now, so the move seemed safe, and Rome surely needed a gospel witness. Paul had no problem with a godly, capable woman being a church leader. There is no proof any of these ideas are really true. This happened before 54, when Claudius died and the expulsion of the Jews from Rome was lifted. They ended up in Corinth. When Paul left Corinth for Ephesus, they accompanied him, and he left them there when he embarked for his home church in Antioch (Acts 18:18-22). The events that follow in the account of the Acts reveal how thoroughly Aquila and Priscilla learned Gods Word. At the mouth of the valley of the shadow of death he remembered the old days in Corinth, and the, to us, unknown instance of devotion which these two had shown, when, for his life, they laid down their own necks. I can imagine no higher praise in that culture for ones work and leadership in the early Christian movement. He just needed some more information and a slightly different direction. What is your ministry? It is thought by some to be possible, in light of her apparent prominence, that Priscilla held the office of presbyter. Greet my beloved Epaenetus, who was the first convert to Christ in Asia. They were movers and shakers in the early church and firm believers in Jesus. There are a few ideas about why Priscilla is often mentioned before Aquila in most verses in the Bible. Their relationship with Paul went far beyond a casual greeting at worship services. BulletinInserts.org - A ministry of Christian Communicators Worldwide. - Acts 18:1-3. Aquila and Priscilla were martyred with other Christians. There he met a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had ordered all Jews to leave Rome. Who is that person who could use your knowledge and advice and nurturing to set them on the path that God has ordained for them to take? Her joy: To spread the gospel and nurture the church. Paul indicates Apollos is an apostle,[12]:pp.230231 an "eloquent speaker" who had a "thorough knowledge of the Scriptures". Home Bible classes can be an effective tool for reaching the lost or getting believers growing in the Word. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Maybe you can make clothes like Dorcas. She seems to have been 'the better man of the two'; and Aquila drops comparatively into the background. Priscilla is the diminutive of Prisca, feminine of Prisca meaning "primitive," hence, "worthy, or venerable," as belonging to the good old The two letters of Paul to the Thessalonians, which later became part of the Bible canon, may have been written while the apostle was staying with Aquila and Priscilla. This account is recorded by Suetonius, a court official who served under the Emperor Hadrian. He came to them, and because he was of the same trade, he stayed with them and they were working; for by trade they were tent-makers (Acts 18:1-3). Saints Aquila and Priscilla were a Jewish couple from Rome who had been exiled to Corinth, and were friends of St. Paul in the first century. Aquila and Priscilla found their way to Corinth and settled there, pursuing their trade as tentmakers. Then the couple started out to accompany Paul when he proceeded to Syria, but stopped at Ephesus in the Roman province of Asia, now part of modern Turkey. Priscilla and Aquila were a married couple from Rome. Priscilla, Aquila, and Apollos: Paul left for Syria with Priscilla and Aquila. Priscilla and her husband Aquila met the apostle Paul when he came to Corinth in approximately 50 C.E. 6. Greet also the church in their house. [2] She also is thought by some to be the anonymous author of the Epistle to the Hebrews. You might not be able to preach sermons or run a church service but thats not the only form of ministry. There he met a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had ordered all Jews to leave Rome. Believers who shared faith with them could enter and enjoy Christian fellowship and worship. Together, they are credited with instructing Apollos, a major evangelist of the first century, and "[explaining] to him the way of God more accurately" (Acts 18:26). If she is preparing a lesson, she may come to get my help in understanding a particular verse, and we find ourselves sharing the Word together. What else could you be doing to share Gods Word with others? 8. Romans 16:3-4 Greet Prisca and Aquila, my fellow workers in Christ Jesus, who for my life risked their own necks, to whom not only do I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles; From Thematic Bible Aquila, husband of Priscilla, was originally from Pontus[11] and also was a Jewish Christian. And God blessed his ministry. (26) Whom when Aquila and Priscilla had heard . Bert and Ernie. Every Jewish boy in New Testament times was taught some kind of trade. Furthermore, believers are enjoined to teach and to learn from one another, without reference to gender.[14]. This is why the Jews were wildly unhappy. She is certainly not Aquilas property as was customary in Greco-Roman society but rather his partner in ministry and marriage".[5]. Paul lived and worked with them, for . 1st century Christian missionary married couple. Appolonius (Apollos), an Alexandrian Jew, preached in Epheseus. Required fields are marked *. Yet five times out of six, Luke and Paul mention Priscillas name first in the husband-wife pair (Acts 18:18, Acts 18:19, Acts 18:26, Romans 16:3, 2 Timothy 4:19), highlighting her personal agency and her value to the early church movement. This might be a good thing for husbands and wives to discuss and pray about together. I suppose the emperor didnt want them to disrupt and destroy the place any longer so he expelled them. The Bible doesnt tell us how or when Priscilla and Aquila died. Yet we observe that the husband and the wife are always mentioned together. One of the outstanding practices of Priscilla and Aquila was the fact that they had a church home. How did Aquila and Priscilla die? Priscilla and Aquila were tentmakers as was Paul. Sixth, they taught Apollos the way of God more accurately (18:26). What about Priscilla (or Prisca) and Aquila? And they were quite the traveling pair, always on the road to some missionary trip. She and Aquila worked with Paul and carried on without him when he moved on in his journey. After the persecution of the Jewish people under the Emperor Claudius, they made their way to Greece, where they encountered the Apostle Paul and tutored the dynamic evangelist Apollos. Such language was traditionally used for the hero of a Greco-Roman story, not of women. Priscilla and Aquila had been among the Jews expelled from Rome by the Roman Emperor Claudius in the year 49 as written by Suetonius. using your resources for the advance of Gods kingdom. Not all translations will use this name. The people begged Paul to stay, and Paul said no, but "I will return, if the Lord wills." Paul left and sailed to Caesarea, and Aquila and Priscilla stayed there to teach. They were so united, they didn't have any problems with who was doing what in their ministry. Apollo is a Greek name and in Greek mythology, he was the son of Zeus and Leto, the twin brother of Artemis. Jesus had been crucified, was raised from the dead, went back to heaven and left a mandate for His disciples to turn the world upside down with His message of love and hope. Theresa Doyle-Nelson Blogs July 8, 2017. An extensive research on husband-wife saints listed only 10 since the time of Christ. Priscilla appears on six occasions in a King James Bible (2 Timothy 4:19 shortens her name to "Prisca" ). 16:3-5). They became the honored and much-loved friends and ministry partners with the Apostle Paul. In Romans 16:34, thought to have been written in 56 or 57,[7] Paul sends his greetings to Priscilla and Aquila and proclaims that both of them "risked their necks" to save Paul's life. Neither did Apollos. We pick up their story in Acts 18 when Paul meets them as refugees in Corinth. They went to Corinth right at the time when Paul was there. Our knowledge of divine truth would be incomplete without the epistles which God inspired him to write. The names Aquila and Priscilla are Latin, but the man and woman who bear them were of Hebrew origin. Of those six references, Aquilas name is mentioned first only twice, Priscillas name is mentioned first on four occasions; this may indicate her equal status with her husband, or even possibly that Priscilla was thought of as the more prominent teacher and disciple. And he found a certain Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, having recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had commanded all the Jews to leave Rome. Here are some answers to some popular questions about Priscilla. However, he knew only the baptism of John the Baptistnot the baptism taught by Jesus. He had learned about Jesus but knew only of the baptism of repentance practised by John, being ignorant of the news of the descent of the Holy . The careful description of Aquila as a Jew, a man of Pontus (Acts 18:2), rather implies that Priscilla his wife was not a Jewess; because her name is usually put first (4 out of 6 times), it is thought that she was of higher social standing than her husband. Priscilla took the lead on this. Every time Priscilla and Aquila are named in the Bible, they are together. He basically had two jobs going. discussing Gods word with others, and even correcting them. They had to be willing to give to each other more than they tried to take. When Paul left Corinth for Ephesus eighteen months later, Aquila and Priscilla went with him, and remained in Ephesus when Paul moved on ( Acts 18:11; Acts 18:18-19). Priscilla and Aquila flesh this idea out and call us to similar discipleship. How can you be a layperson to help your pastor or deacon or other church leaders. When Paul leaves for Syria, Aquila and Priscilla go with him. among Jews and was used by the Church Fathers Origen in the 3rd century and St. Jerome in the 4th and 5th centuries. Scripture tells the story like this: After these things he left Athens and went to Corinth. Related Topics: Christian Home, Issues in Church Leadership/Ministry, Leadership, Marriage, Richard L. Strauss authored nine books, and served as pastor of churches in Fort Worth, TX, Huntsville, AL. Priscilla and Aquila had been among the Jews expelled from Rome by the Roman Emperor Claudius in the year 49 as written by Suetonius. They were inseparable, and they were equals. This couple were among the earliest known Christian missionaries in the first century. The Great Fire on July 19 AD, which destroyed 10 of the 14 districts in Rome, was blamed on Christians. Apparently, there was a lot of commotion in the Jewish community because people were teaching about Jesus. After Paul left them in Ephesus, they heard Apollos speaking in the synagogue, but his knowledge of the truth was deficient. They were not only mates and lovers, they must have been good friends and companions. Paul wrote his epistle to the Romans from Greece on that third missionary journey, and he said, Greet Prisca and Aquila, my fellow-workers in Christ Jesus, who for my life risked their own necks, to whom not only do I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles; Also greet the church that is in their house (Rom. His name means eagle. Others become overbearing and belligerent in an attempt to establish their position of authority. Priscilla was a businesswoman who, with her husband Aquila, likely owned leatherwork or tent-making shops in several urban centers of the ancient worldRome, Corinth and Ephesus. Aquila and Prisca greet you heartily in the Lord, with the church that is in their house (1 Cor. Apollo was thought to have given the science of medicine to mankind, but Apollo was also the . He was a learned man, with a thorough knowledge of the . Acts 20:31), during which he wrote the letter known to us as 1 Corinthians. I hear that! Lewis and Clark. He continued travelling while they settled down and opened their home, not only to Apollos but to other believers. In some way, Priscilla and Aquila took a risk, and exposed their lives to great danger for the purpose of protecting Paul. In 1 Corinthians 16:19, Paul passes on the greetings of Priscilla and Aquila to their friends in Corinth, indicating that the couple were in his company. Aquila and Priscilla are mentioned one more time in the New Testament, in the last chapter of the last book the Apostle Paul wrote. She taught the gospel to people and had a church in her home. He knew they were Jews, and that was enough; so all Jews were uprooted from their homes and banished from Rome, the innocent along with the guilty. Aquila and Priscilla were martyred with other Christians. Aquila and Priscilla not only made their living together and grew in the Word together, they served the Lord together. Priscilla and Aquila heard Apollos speaking in the local synagogue and invited him to their home. They are mentioned six times throughout scripture. Furthermore, their ministry to Apollos reveals their devotion to Gods word. They had each others back. They probably had a booming tent making business in Rome but when they were chased out, God made it work for their good. [3] Hoppin and others suggest that Priscilla was the author, but that her name was omitted either to suppress its female authorship, or to protect the letter itself from suppression.[3][4]. "After this he [Paul] left Athens and went to Corinth. There are only two messages to friends in the second Epistle to Timothy, and one of these is to Prisca and Aquila. Permission granted for reproduction in exact form. 4:19). The author of Hebrews had been closely associated with Timothy (Hebrews 13:23). Pastor, Do You Have a Priscilla in Your Church? I know you could think of a couple who cannot stand to be around each other. For husbands: Does it bother you when your wife outshines you? And there, in private, they taught him the full story about Jesus. Who were Priscilla and Aquila in the Bible? Your ministry may even be under the disguise of a business. They moved to Corinth in Achaia, the southern part of Greece, where they met Paul. God will just throw it back. There was one short statement in the greeting in the Book of Romans that we cannot afford to pass over lightly, however: Who for my life risked their own necks, to whom not only do I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles. We do not know what Paul was referring to, nor when it happened, but somewhere, somehow, Aquila and Priscilla together endangered their own lives to save Pauls. When Priscilla and Aquila were driven out of Rome because of being Jewish, they met Paul. Terms of Use: The contents of this blog post are restricted to your personal use only. Ive heard some people say this should never happen, which is probably true for certain marriages. going anywhere the Lord says to go, whenever He says to go. So off they went! Advocates of female pastorship perceive this as an imperative that was a reflection of cultural and legal restrictions of the day. In ancient mediterranean culture, women generally did not have access to roles of power or influence, yet Paul says that Priscilla, with Aquila, risked their lives (literally necks) on Pauls behalf (Romans 16:3-4). Yet, there is never a place in Scripture where one is mentioned and the other isnt. Priscilla and Aquila- Acts 18:1-28 www.missionbibleclass.org. Its a good thing to be mindful of the kind of spiritual energy we allow to influence the atmosphere of our home. Reading through a book of the Bible together will allow God to speak to our lives. So Paul made tents for a living and did missionary work as well. [6] Priscilla and Aquila had been among the Jews expelled from Rome by the Roman Emperor Claudius in the year 49 as written by Suetonius. But you know what? 8. Pauls greeting to them just before his execution is the final reference to them in the New Testament ( 2 Timothy 4:19; cf 1 Timothy 1:3). The problem was, he was going in a direction that could have become problematic in the future. I will not go into why this might be so. Another thought is that Priscilla was born unto an elite Roman family but fell in love with Aquila, an ordinary Jewish tentmaker and gave up her wealth to live with the love of her life. It is no wonder their husbands feel threatened. At least Aquila, however, geographically came from the diaspora of northern Anatolia,. From the day Aquila and Priscilla met the Savior, they grew in the Word together. Who is Apollos in your life? Aquila and Priscilla were martyred with other Christians. They were forcibly displaced from their home by the edict of Claudius, which exiled Jewish people from Rome. Here is an interesting fact you probably didnt know. His sermon was just incomplete. Nowadays, we have become very protective of spaces. Anything can become a ministry. It really isnt easy to wear those shoes indeed. How could you use your home more effectively to serve the Lord? Learn how your comment data is processed. But when Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they took him aside and explained to him the way of God more accurately (Acts 18:26). His death at the hands of the emperor Nero was imminent, and he was writing the last paragraph of his long and fruitful life. Not every husband and wife can work together like this. In ancient mediterranean culture, women were traditionally uneducated, and therefore their voices were not valued in any teaching capacity in religious or educational settings; in Jewish culture, it was forbidden for women to teach men. If you want to share this resource with others, please share the link to the blog post. Whenever he entered a new city, he would stroll through the marketplace looking for opportunities to talk about Jesus, looking for indications of Gods direction for future ministry, and, of course, looking for work to sustain him as he ministered. They seem to have something to prove, competing with their husbands for the spotlight, grasping after authority and preeminence. They continued to serve God wholeheartedly, and their house in Rome, like their house in Ephesus, became a church meeting place ( Romans 16:3-5). What is the meaning of Priscilla in the Bible? She was the reason the Blessing was so thick around and for them both. Since 1Corinthians discusses a crisis deriving from a conflict between the followers of Apollos and the followers of Cephas (possibly the apostle Peter), it can be inferred that Apollos accompanied Priscilla and Aquila when they returned to Corinth. The Apostolic Constitutions identify Aquila, along with Nicetas, as the first bishops of Asia Minor (7.46). But our story begins about a year earlier, when in 49 C.E., according to Suetonius, Emperor Claudius expelled from Rome all Jews who followed . Yet when Priscilla is mentioned by Paul, he describes her as a co-worker in the Lord (Romans 16:3), placing her alongside Timothy (Romans 16:21), Titus (2 Corinthians 8:23), Philemon (Philemon 1) and Luke (Philemon 24) in Pauls valuing of her work among the churches. But when we consider Pauls experiences and culture and the original audiences experiences and culture, those six mentions like a trumpet proclaim Priscillas significance in the nurturing of home-churches throughout the Mediterranean and impact on Pauls life and ministry. Priscilla and Aquila were second generation Jesus followers. He absorbed the truth they taught him and made it a part of his life and ministry. They ended up in Corinth. . Priscilla was a businesswoman who, with her husband Aquila, likely owned leatherwork or tent-making shops in several urban centers of the ancient worldRome, Corinth and Ephesus. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Violence was the norm against Christians. There can be no doubt that Priscilla and Aquila were vital members of the Pauline circle, and partners in ministry with Timothy. Think of it, eighteen months of intensive Bible study under the greatest Bible teacher in the early church. One correction should be made of Groothuis' facts: Priscilla/Prisca and Aquila are mentioned only six times in the Greek text (Acts 18:19 simply has ).. 3 Too much could be made of this point however, for only . Priscilla and her husband Aquila were Jews who had been living in Rome. Youve heard their names, they show up occasionally in your Bible reading, and you might even remember something about this married couple. . The book of Acts informs us they leave Rome when Claudius expels the Jews from Asia Minor (Acts 18:2). Prayer journal ideas to uplift your soul and get closer to God, Martha in the Bible Characteristics and lessons . They all were tent makers. She was just using her God-given abilities, as a helpmeet to her husband for the glory of God. Aquila, also called Akilas, (flourished 2nd century ad), scholar who in about ad 140 completed a literal translation into Greek of the Old Testament; it replaced the Septuagint (q.v.) But life is better when there is a tribe of people like this. Ones name never occurs without the other. We do not know for certain whether she was Jewish or Roman, nor are we sure whether or not they were both Christians at the time. Aquila and Priscilla returned to Rome by 57 CE where they became church leaders again. From Priscillas life, I am taking lessons for faith, marriage, ministry, and business. And he found a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla. (See also Acts 18:18, 26; Rom 16:3; 1 Cor 16:19; and 2 Tim 4:19.). For several years, Priscilla and Aquila were leaders in the Ephesian church. These two who lived together, worked together, and suffered exile together, came to know and love Jesus Christ together, and it made their marriage complete. In fact, we may say that Priscilla is the example of what the married woman may do, for the general service of the Church, in conjunction with home duties, as Phoebe is the type of the unmarried servant of the Church, or deaconess. Paul sailed with Aquila and Priscilla to Syria, which is a country. Aquila and Priscilla exhibited such unity, they were one in their secular job of tentmaking, one in their love for each other, and one in their service for the Lord Jesus Christ. Romans 16:3-4. For wives: Are you threatening your husband by striving to prove your superiority in certain areas? When Saint Paul the Apostle visited Corinth to preach the Holy Gospel, Saints Aquila and Priscilla offered him a place to stay as they were impressed with his preaching. In the town of Corinth there lived a husband and wife named Aquila and Priscilla. When Priscilla saw and heard Apollos, she realized that he was passionate and brilliant and a gifted speaker. The greater your intimacy, the happier your marriage. It does not always happen that way. The mention of her name before the name of her husband (also in Acts 18:18; Romans 16:3; 2 Timothy 4:19) is a way of honoring her. This is how Priscilla and Aquila came to leave Italy (Acts 18:2). Thats what they did for money before they had to leave Rome. Given the nature of their trade, Priscilla and Aquila could be flexible where and when they earned their income from making tents. Priscilla, Aquila, and Timothy ministered together with Paul in Corinth, and Priscilla and Aquila worked alongside Timothy in Ephesus. They met in homes. But it may be more difficult at your house, especially if you have never done it. It is particularly to be noticed that she took part, not only in her husbands exercise of hospitality, but likewise in the theological instruction of Apollos. His two friends were willing to give everything in the service of the Savior, even their lives. A passionate, young, brilliant scholar named Apollos delivered the sermon. They probably helped to establish the church in Ephesus. She is mentioned exactly six times in the New Testament. They grew to love Gods Word. Most Bible readers assume that Apollos was re-baptized as a part of being taught the way of God more adequately by Priscilla and Aquila. Some time after this, when Jews were allowed back in Rome, Aquila and Priscilla returned to live there for a time. How does God want you to behave toward her on those occasions? Aquila, a Jewish Christian, and his wife, Priscilla, first met Paul in Corinth, became good friends of his, and shared in his work. 3. As you live your life, ask yourself this question: if the Bible were to be rewritten with your story in it, what would you like to be known for? And what they were able to accomplish as a unit was magnificent. That is not always easy for an extremely talented woman to do, but Priscilla did it. It was while they were traveling through Corinth that they met Paul. However, the contents of this blog post may not be modified, compiled, combined with other content, copied, recorded, synchronized, transmitted, translated, formatted, distributed, publicly displayed, publicly performed, reproduced, given away, used to create derivative works and otherwise used or exploited (including for-profit or commercial gain) without the creators expressed permission. . Paul was generous in his recognition and acknowledgment of his indebtedness to them (Romans 16:34). Fourth, they became life-long friends and ministry partners of Paul. 9 Both were makers of tents and had their own business. There is an interesting observation to be made from that short verse, however. When Christianity was new, there was no such thing as a church building. Tradition reports that Aquila and Priscilla were martyred together. Adolph von Harnack, "Probabilia uber die Addresse und den Verfasser des Habraerbriefes", Suetonius mentions this expulsion of the Jews from Rome (, "The Ministry of Women: An Argument for the Ordination of Women", "Comparing the Status of Women in the Early Christian Church with Their Contemporaries in Greco-Roman Culture at Large", "How a Woman Taught an Apostle and we Missed It", "St. Priscilla, with her husband, Aquila, at Ephesus | Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Priscilla_and_Aquila&oldid=1142389469, Articles about multiple people in the Bible, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 14 July (other Orthodox Churches commemorate Saint Aquila alone as an Apostle), This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 03:35. Aquila And Priscilla from Hastings Dictionary of the New Testament. Acts 18 . Aquila and Priscilla went to hear him and were deeply impressed by his sincerity, his love for God, his knowledge of the Old Testament Scriptures, and his brilliant oratorical ability. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam.
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